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Title                     : Improving students’ writing achievement through 
                               Paired Report Writing at second year students of 
                               SMA Negeri 7 Kendari

wtiter/researcher : Zakridatul Agusmaniar Rane

Year                      : 2012

This thesis was submitted as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Kependidikan at English Study Program of Language and Arts Department  Haluoleo University

This thesis is 128 pages consist of :


CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of Study
1.2. Research Question
1.3. Objective of the study
1.4. Significant of the Study
1.5. Scope of the Study
1.6. Action Hypothesis 
1.7. Definition of Terms

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Writing as Laguage Skill
2.2. Aspects of Writing
2.3. Teaching Writing in EFL/ESL class
2.4. Hortatory Exposition Genre
2.5. Teaching Writing through Paired Report Writing
2.6. Review of Relevant Study

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
3.1. Subject of the Study
3.2. Factor that will be Observed
3.3. Design of the Study
3.3.1. Planning
3.3.2. Action and Observation
3.3.3. Reflection
3.4. Instrument of the Study
3.5. Procedure of Teaching Writing through Paired Report Writing
3.6. Data of Study
3.7. Technique of Data Collection
3.7.1. Observation
3.7.2. Students’ Final Composition
3.8. Technique of Data Analysis
3.9. Evaluation
3.9.1. Marking Scheme
3.9.2. Inter-Rater Agreement

CHAPTER IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Findings
4.1.1. Students Writing Problem
4.1.2. Activity in the First cycle
a. Planning
b. Action
c. Observation
d. Reflection
4.1.3. Activities in the Second Cycle
a. Planning
b. Action
c. Observation
d. Reflection
4.2. The Result of Students’ Writing Achievement before and after Treatment
4.3. Discussion
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Conclusion
5.2. Recommendation
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES



ABSTRACT
BY
ZAKRIDATUL AGUSMANIAR RANE
A1D2 08018

The research question of this study is “can paired report writing improve writing achievement of second year students at SMA Negeri 7 Kendari in terms of content and organization?”. The objective of this study is to to improve writing achievement of second year students at SMA Negeri 7 Kendari under paired report writing technique. The subject of this study is students in class XI IA 1 of SMA Negeri 7 Kendari who enrolled 2011/2012 with the total number of students is 27 students. The design of this study is classroom action research which covered four steps, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. This study was conducted in two cycles with the writing material is limited in writing hortatory exposition text and students’ composition were assessed by two independent raters. Before paired report writing technique applied, students’ mean score was 55,63 (unsuccessful category)  from the criterion of successful 65 in which 4 students or 14,8% who categorized in good level and 23 students or 85,2% who categorized in poor level. The students’ crucial problems related to content and organization aspect of writing.
            After applying the technique in the first cycle, students’ achievement increased to 4 students or 14,8 % who got good to average categorized, 17 students or 63,0 % who got fair to poor categorized, and 6 students or 22,2 % who got very poor categorized, with the mean score 62,3 from 27 total number of students. In this first cycle, students who have achieve the target were 15 students or 55,6%. Students’ difficulties still occur on the two components of writing; content and organization.
            The result after reflecting students’ mistakes and guiding their difficulties at the second cycle showed that students could solve their problems in writing. In content, no one student got very poor category,  7 students or 25,9% who got fair to poor, 18 students or 66,7% who got good to average and 2 students or 7,4 % who got excellent to very goodcategory. In organization, no one student got very poor categorized, 6 students or 22,2% who got fair to poor,  18 students or 66,7% who got good to average and 3 students or 11,1%who got excellent to very good category. Therefore, 22 students or 81,5% who had achieved the target and only 5 students or 18,5% who had not achieve it with the mean score was 75,3 (successful category). From the result of evaluation, revealed that paired report writing positively improved the students’ writing achievement at class XI IA1 of SMAN 7 Kendari.


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Wanita yang baik itu seperti apa???



Hari ini salah seorang teman lagi datang mengeluh. Katanya ceweknya nggak pengertian, susah ditebak apa maunya, begini salah, begitu juga salah. Merepotkan, menyebalkan, agak matre, pokoknya semua yang jelek-jelek ada pada ceweknya (menurut versi teman saya). Saya Cuma tertawa (sorry, kalo sebagai seorang wanita saya terkesan semberono, nggak sopan apalagi anggun lantaran menertawakan teman saya yang lagi galau) dan bilang ke dia “kenapa kamu datang mengeluh ke saya? Apa dulu saya yang menyuruh kamu pacaran sama dia? Itu pilihan kamu sendiri. Sebenarnya apa yang kamu lihat saat memilih dia dulu sehingga sekarang kamu jadi kecewa luar biasa seperti ini?”

Itu hanya salah satu contoh kasus, kawan. Kalau ada di antara kalian kaum adam yang saat membaca tulisan ini sedang mengalami kasus yang sama dengan teman saya di atas, mohon membaca tulisan ini sampai selesai.

Sesungguhnya, perasaan-perasaan seperti yang dirasakan teman saya di atas itu tidak akan kalian alami kalau kalian bisa menilai dengan benar seorang wanita sebelum menjadikannya “wanita” kalian istilahnya (entah itu pacar, tunangan, ataupun istri).

Saya sekarang berbicara sebagai seorang wanita.
Wanita yang baik untuk kamu pilih adalah dia yang:
  1. 1.       Penampilannya sederhana saja, tidak mencolok, tidak glamour, tidak mewah, tidak berdandan berlebihan di sana sini untuk memaksimalkan kecantikannya, tidak beraksesoris mencolok bak toko aksesoris berjalan. Dia biasa saja. Penampilannya sederhana saja, namun terlihat rapi dan sopan. Dia yang justru terlihat cantik karena kesederhanaannya.
  2. 2.       Dia yang taat pada agamanya. Memahami betul ajaran-ajaran agamanya dan mengamalkan apa yang dia pahami dengan penuh kepatuhan dalam kesehariannya.
  3. 3.       Dia yang selalu ramah dan sopan pada semua orang. Yang selalu tersenyum saat berpapasan dengan orang lain. Bukan senyum centil apalagi genit. Bukan senyum yang berusaha memikat. Tapi senyum ramah yang menunjukkan penghargaannya pada orang lain. Yang tidak lupa mengatakan terima kasih untuk hal sesederhana apapun yang ia terima dari orang lain. Yang mengatakan maaf untuk kekeliruan sekecil apapun yang ia lakukan. Dia yang periang tapi tidak kecentilan binti pecicilan istilah kerennya.
  4. 4.       Yang cerdas. Wanita yang cerdas tidak akan menjadi beban buat kamu. Dia bisa menjadi pendengar yang baik saat kamu bercerita, menjadi teman bertukar pikiran saat kamu membutuhkan saran dan masukan. Sebuah hubungan itu bukan hanya urusan hak dan kewajiban, bukan hanya urusan gombal dan rayuan. Sebuah hubungan itu adalah ketika kita saling bertukar pikiran, bertukar cerita untuk saling mengerti dan memahami satu sama lain. perhatian itu bukan urusan bertanya “sudah makan?” tiga kali sehari. Perhatian itu adalah saling memberi penguatan, saran, dan jalan keluar.
  5. 5.       Dia haruslah wanita yang mandiri namun tidak lantas mengabaikan apalagi meremehkan kamu karena merasa dia kuat dan bisa melakukan segalanya sendiri. Mandiri dalam artian, dia tidak bergantung pada kamu, memahami kesibukan kamu sehingga tidak menuntut ini dan itu, namun tetap menyambut dengan suka cita bantuan dan perhatian yang kamu berikan untuk dia.

Ah, ada lagi contoh kasus yang lain. ada sebagian orang yang menghindari memilih cewek yang cerdas apalagi diperkirakannya wanita itu akan lebih cerdas dari dia. 

Tahukah kamu, kawan? Wanita cerdas itu tidak akan membahayakan harga diri apalagi nyawa kamu. Selama dia wanita yang sederhana, sopan, ramah, dan taat beragama, dia tidak akan meremehkan kamu karena kecerdasannya. Dia tidak akan menjatuhkan harga dirimu. Walaupun dia lebih cerdas dari kamu, dia akan tetap paham posisinya—kecerdasannya akan membuatnya lebih memahami posisinya, menyadari hak dan kewajibannya. Dia akan memahami kekuranganmu, mengakui kelebihanmu, dan melengkapi kehidupanmu.

Saya menulis ini bukan berarti saya adalah wanita yang memenuhi semua kriteria di atas, loh (antisipasi jangan sampe ada yang ngira saya merasa diri sempurna). Saya menulis ini karena sebagai wanita, insyaAllah sedkit banyak saya mengerti bagaimana karakter kaum saya. Mungkin tulisan saya di atas tidak semuanya tepat. Namun, paling tidak, ini bisa membantu. Analoginya, tulisan saya ini sama sifatnya dengan suplemen makanan  yang membantu mencukupi kebutuhan gizi, namun bukan sumber gizi utama. Begitulah kira-kira.
Semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat, dan mari kita senntiasa memperbaiki diri, kawan J

saat kamu mendapatkan sesuatu, kamu harus merelakan sesuatu yang lain




Saat kamu menginginkan sesuatu, kamu harus mengorbankan sesuatu yang lain. kamu tidak bisa mendapatkan keduanya. Telah ada Tuhan yang mengaturnya, kamu tidak mampu memaksakan keegoisanmu untuk memiliki segalanya...

Hari ini saya belajar lagi. Bahwa Tuhan telah mengatur segalanya dengan begitu sempurna. Bahwa Tuhan telah membagi keberuntungan dan ujian bagi umatnya dengan begitu adil. Bahwa kita tinggal menjalani dan percaya pada keadilan Tuhan.

Ini sebuah kisah tentang Riana dan Hendri.
Dua orang mahasiswa yang memiliki ambisi besar untuk sukses dan mendapatkan hal-hal yang luar biasa. Suatu ketika, ada pengumuman beasiswa pertukaran pemuda ke Amerika. Mahasiswa yang lulus seleksi akan mendapatkan kesempatan belajar gratis di Amerika selama 3 bulan. Riana dan Hendri, tanpa membuang waktu langsung mendaftarkan diri dan mulai mengurus semua berkas yang dibutuhkan.

Selang satu bulan, hasil seleksi tahap I pun keluar. Pada saat itu, Hendri berhasil lolos da Riana gagal. Riana merasa sangat terpukul. Ia merasa tidak percaya dengan hasil seleksi itu. Dalam hati ia bertanya-tanya ‘kenapa Hendri lolos dan saya tidak?menurut saya, saya lebih hebat dari Hendri. Semua orang di kampus pun mengakui saya yang lebih hebat.’ Dan bukan hanya Riana yang berspekulasi seperti itu. Anak-anak kampus pun sibuk mempertanyakan kenapa yag lolos adalah Hendri, bukan Riana. Sementara menurut pengamatan mereka selama ini, Riana lebih hebat dari Hendri. Kalau Hendri saja bisa lolos, harusnya Riana yang selama ini dinilai sebagai mahasiswa brilian bisa lolos dengan lebih mudah. Apalagi saat seleksi kedua selesai, Hendri dinyatakan lolos ke Amerika. Orang-orang makin hebh dan Riana makin terpukul.  

Waktu terus berjalan. Hendri mempersiapkan diri berangkat ke Amerika da Riana memutuskan untuk fokus pada kuliahnya da lekas menjadi sarjana berhubung sebentar lagi ia akan memasuki tahun ke-4. Kemudia Hendri sibuk memamerkan aktifitas-aktifitasnya di luar negeri dan Riana sibuk mempersiapkan penelitian dan thesisnya.

3 bulan berlalu tanpa terasa. Riana, dengan gilang gemilang, tanpa rintangan, dengan mudah—orang-orang bahkan terheran-heran kenapa bisa ada orang yang dengan mudahnya, seperti tak ada kendala—melewati semua tahap demi tahap ujian akhirnya dan menjadi salah satu wisudawan terbaik. Dan di saat yang sama Hendri kembali dari luar negeri.
Pulang dari luar negeri, Hendri berusaha mengejar ketinggalannya dan mengurusi perihal ujian akhirnya agar lekas menjadi sarjana juga. Tapi alangkah susahnya—Riana sampai geleng-geleng kepala tak bisa membayangkan begitu banyaknya kendala yang Hendri hadapi hanya untuk memakai toga dan dinyatakan sebagai sarjana. Riana membayangkan, kalau ia mendapatkan kesulitan yang sama seperti yang dialami Hendri, mungkin dia akan menyerah saja pada studinya.

Menurut saya, ini sebuah pelajaran kawan. Setahun saya mengamati dan bertanya-tanya—sebuah tanda tanya besar—tentang kisah di atas itu. Dan baru hari ini saya bisa menyimpulkan sesuatu. Mungkin kesimpulan saya ini kurang tepat atau bahkan salah. Namun, paling tidak, saya belajar. Dari kisah ini saya belajar untuk berpikir lebih positif. Bukan masalah benar salah, tepat tidak tepatnya interpretasi kita, tapi bagaimana interpretasi kita terhadap sesuatu itu bisa memberikan hal yang positif bagi diri kita. Dan saya mendapatkan sesuatu yang positif dari penyimpulan saya.

Okeh, kawan. Kembali ke masalah kesimpulan. Saya menyadari kebenaran sebuah kalimat yang sering saya ragukan selama ini: “saat kamu mendapatkan sesuatu, kamu harus merelakan sesuatu yang lain”. saat kita memahami ini, kawan, kita akan jadi pribadi yang lebih baik: Mensyukuri apa yang kita peroleh, ikhlas kehilangan sesuatu dan belajar untuk tidak egois.

Saat kita memahami kalimat di atas, kita akan sadar bahwa Tuhan itu maha adil, kawan. Sangat adil. Super sekali!! Saat kamu kehilangan sesuatu hari ini, Tuhan memberikanmu keberuntungan lain di waktu yang lain. dengan memahami itu, kamu akan jadi seseorang yang lebih ikhlas dan melihat kesusahan dari sisi yang lebih positif. Dan kamu pasti tau, kawan. Pikiran yang positif akan membawa ke hal-hal positif pula J

Saya memahami ini sekarang, kawan. Bahwa saya harus siap dan ikhlas menerima sesuatu  yang buruk seperti halnya saya selalu siap menerima keberuntungan-keberuntungan tak terduga J

Keep spirit dan tetap berusaha untuk jadi lebih baik, kawan. Jangan lupa untuk selalu TERSENYUM. Senyum 100% yang lebih hebat dari pesona cleopatra. Hehehe :D 

TOEFL Grrammar Part 9: Stative Passives and Prepositions

Stative Passives


Stative passives are verb-like words that follow "be" in sentences and function as adjectives. See the examples below:
    He is hungry.
    He is interested
    His leg is broken
    (Adjective)
    (Stative passive)
    (Stative passive)
Stative passives indicate a status or condition which may exist over a period of time. In contrast, action verbs often indicate a change from one status to another.
    We got married in 1998.
    We are married now.
    Jack broke the window.
    The window is broken.
    (Action: We changed from "single" to "married.")
    Status: Our current condition is "married.")
    (Action: Indicates what happened at a given moment.)
    (Status: Indicates the condition of the window.)
Note how the action/status contrast works with other verbs:
    Jared fell asleep.
    Jared is asleep.
    Joan became sick.
    Joan is sick.
    The building caught fire.
    The building is on fire now.
    The doctor came in.
    The doctor is in.
    (Action: Change in status from "awake" to "asleep").
    (Status: Indicates Jared's current condition.)
    (Action: Joan changed from "healthy" to "sick.")
    (Status: Joan's present condition.)
    (Action: Indicates the point when the fire started.)
    (Status: Indicates the condition of the building.)
    (Action)
    (Status)
Stative passives are often used with prepositional expressions.
    She is interested in photography.
    Brad was worried about his mother.
    Carmen is terrified of snakes.
    Everyone was caught up in the excitement.
Some adjectives also fit in the same pattern:
    Karen is fond of chocolates.
    I'm crazy about sports cars.
    You're full of baloney.


Prepositions

Prepositions indicate relationships between words or ideas. Most prepositions deal with location and are easy to learn.
above
inside
beside
near
up
before*
with
into
between
like
despite

below
outside
beyond
nearby
down
after*
without
out (of)
among
as
in spite of

over
around
behind
by
toward
during
within
off
except
than
beneath

under
through
in front of
next to
along (side)
since*
until*
upon
but*
about
underneath

*These can also be used as conjunctions.
Some prepositions, however, have more than one meaning and can be very confusing.




at      in     to
for     on    from

>> Generally, in, on and at indicate location.
>> To and from imply movement toward or away from something. However, to can also function as part of an infinitive.
>> To and for can introduce indirect objects.
>> For and since can also indicate duration.
>> Of is used in partitives (all of, some of . . .) and other expressions.
>> Many prepositions are also used in expressions


See Also:




TOEFL Grammar Part 8 Gerunds and Infinitives

Gerunds

Gerunds are defined as the -ing form of a verb. They have several functions.
1. Used as subjects and complements
Skiing is my favorite sport.
Hiking can be very strenuous.
Seeing is believing
2. Used as objects following prepositions and prepositional expressions
Thanks for tending my children.
The job consists of typing, filing, and answering the phone.
3. Used as objects following certain verbs.*
The children enjoyed watching the parade.
Ms. Terrell avoided paying her taxes until it was too late.
Gerunds can sometimes take objects of their own:
Roland is afraid of making mistakes.
Sandy is considering leaving New York.

*These verbs are commonly followed by gerunds.
admit
begin
discuss
hate
love
practice
regret
stop

advise
can't help
dislike
hesitate
mention
prefer
remember
suggest

anticipate
complete
enjoy
imagine
mind
quit
resent
threaten

appreciate
consider
finish
intend
miss
recall
resist
tolerate

attempt
delay
forget
keep
neglect
recollect
risk
try

avoid
deny
go
like
postpone
recommend
start
understand

Infinitives

Infinitives are defined as to + base form of the verb. They have several functions.
1. Used as subjects and subject complements.
To know me is to love me.
To live in Hawaii is my lifetime dream.
2. Used as objects following certain verbs.*
I wanted to tell you how much I appreciated your gift.
He hesitated to ask the embarrassing question.
3. Used as a shortened form of in order to.
You must take this medicine (in order) to get well.
I went to the bank to cash a check.

Infinitives can sometimes take objects of their own.
We hope to find the person who did this.
I was asked to make a dessert for the potluck dinner.

*These verbs are commonly followed by infinitives.
afford
beg
decide
forget
intend
mean
prepare
seem
threaten

agree
begin
demand
go
know how
need
pretend
start
try

appear
care
deserve
happen
learn
neglect
promise
stop
volunteer

arrange
choose
desire
hate
like
offer
refuse
struggle
wait

ask
claim
expect
hesitate
love
plan
regret
swear
want

attempt
consent
fail
hope
manage
prefer
remember
tend
wish

See Also:

TOEFL Grammar Part 7: Noun Clauses and Embedded Questions

Noun Clause

Noun clause used as an object

he said something
S    V      O                 what did he said?

he said that he was sick


Noun Clause as a Subject

something is your bussiness
         S       V                               what is your bussiness?

whatever you do is your bussiness

someone is still in cafetaria
         S       V                                 who is in the cafetaria?

the subordinator may take  the "subject" or "object" position in a noun clause.


Note the usage of the following:

Henry loves Mary (S V O)                             Mary is the "object" of the sentence
Mary loves Jim (S V O)                                 Mary is the "subject" of the sentence
The person who(m) Lee loves is a secret        Relative clause (subordinator in obj. position)
The person who loves Tim is a secret             Relative clause (subordinator in obj. position)
whom(m) Henry loves is a secret                    Relative clause (subordinator in obj. position)
who loves Tim is a secret                               Relative clause (subordinator in obj. position)

Subordinators which are used in noun clauses:

that
what
who
whoever
whatever
whether

which
where
when
how
why
if

how much
how many
how long
how far
how often
whose
Remember to preserve word order in noun clauses:
I don't know who he is.
Whoever she is is not important.
Whatever is in the box is a mystery.
Can you tell me what he is doing?
She doesn't undestand why he is leaving.
I wonder how much that costs.
Do you know how long it will take?

Embedded Questions

Embedded questions are questions within another statement or question. They function as noun clauses and as such should generally follow statement, not question, order.
What time is it?
I know what time is it.
I know what time it is.
Where did she go?
I don't know where did she go.
I don't know where she went.
What does he do for a living?
I wonder what does he do.
I wonder what he does.
Who is she?
Can you tell me who is she?
Can you tell me who she is?

(question order)
(Incorrect)
(Statement order: S+ V)
(Question)
(Incorrect)
(Correct)
(Question)
(Incorrect)
(Correct)
(Question)
(Incorrect)
(Correct)
When using adjectives as complements, it is okay to use question order for embedded questions:
Who's hungry?
I wonder who is hungry.

(Question)
(Okay)
In some cases, depending on the focus of the sentence, question order may be used:
Who is the doctor?
I know who the doctor is.
Who is a doctor?

TOEFL Grammar part 6: Parellelism and Inversions.

parallelism

Parallelism means that words used in pairs or groups should all have the same gram-matical form (verbs and verbs; nouns, nouns, and nouns; gerunds and gerunds, etc.) When using words or phrases with coordinating conjunctions or in a series, make sure that they follow the same grammatical structure. 
For example:
    Terry likes swimming and to dive.
    Terry likes swimming and diving.
    Terry likes to swim and (to) dive.
    I'm taking history, math, and chemical.
    I'm taking history, math, and chemistry.
    (Incorrect: not parallel)
    (Correct)
    (Correct)
    (Incorrect)
    (Correct)
Sometimes repeated words, such as auxiliary verbs, can be deleted in parallel constructions.
    Example:
    I have been to Paris and saw the Eiffel Tower.
    I have been to Paris and have seen the Eiffel Tower.
    I have been to Paris and seen the Eiffel Tower.
    Is she coming to the party or go to a movie?
    Is she coming to the party or going to a movie?

    Inversion

    When to Invert the Subject and Verb:
    1. Questions
    2. Negatives
    3. (Necessary) Prepositional Phrases of Place
    4. Conditionals
    5. Comparisons

    1. Questions

    2. He is a doctor.
      He ate an apple.
      Is he a doctor?
      Did he eat an apple?
      (Direct inversion)
      (With "do")
    3. Negatives

    4. He is a doctor.
      He ate an apple.
      Not only is he a doctor, (but) he is also a millionaire.
      Not only did he eat an apple, (but) he also ate an orange.
    5. Prepositional Phrases of Place (Necessary)

    6. On the table is a book.
      On the table (there) is a book.
      The prepositional phrase is necessary here, because without it, the sentence would be incomplete: ("is a book" is not a complete sentence.) Inversion is necessary.
      At the restaurant, the food was too spicy.
      (inversion is not necessary)
      Without the prepositional phrase, the sentence the food was too spicy is still complete.
      This structure is typically used with linking verbs (be, appear, seem, etc.) or words that function as linking verbs.
      In the doorway appeared two strangers.
      On the table lies my textbook.
      In the kitchen, he ate an apple.
      In the doorway were two strangers.
      On the table is my textbook.
      (Action verb: no inversion necessary.)
    7. In some situations, the conditional if is omitted and an inversion is used in its place. (Only with verbs, were, should or had.) Note the following 

      examples:
      • If I were a doctor, I would be rich.
        Were I a doctor, I would be rich.
        If I had taken the subway, I would have arrived on time.
        Had I taken the subway, I would have arrived on time.
        If you should have any questions, please feel free to contact me.
        Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.
        If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
        Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
        If I go to Chicago, I will visit my grandmother.
        Go I to Chicago, I will visit my grandmother. (Incorrect)
        If I have enough money, I will buy a horse.
        Have I enough money, I will buy a horse. (Incorrect)
    8. Comparisons with than may also be inverted, but the inversion is optional. Note the following examples.

      • He has more marbles than John does.
        He has more marbles than does John.
        He has more marbles than John. (informal okay.)
      **Be careful. On the TOEFL, when comparisons are used, sometimes important words are left out or in error, thereby requiring only one of the possible options.


    (Incorrect)
    (Okay)
    (Better)
    (Incorrect)
    (Correct)