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TOEFL Grrammar Part 9: Stative Passives and Prepositions

Diposting oleh rydha's note on Kamis, 22 November 2012
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Stative Passives


Stative passives are verb-like words that follow "be" in sentences and function as adjectives. See the examples below:
    He is hungry.
    He is interested
    His leg is broken
    (Adjective)
    (Stative passive)
    (Stative passive)
Stative passives indicate a status or condition which may exist over a period of time. In contrast, action verbs often indicate a change from one status to another.
    We got married in 1998.
    We are married now.
    Jack broke the window.
    The window is broken.
    (Action: We changed from "single" to "married.")
    Status: Our current condition is "married.")
    (Action: Indicates what happened at a given moment.)
    (Status: Indicates the condition of the window.)
Note how the action/status contrast works with other verbs:
    Jared fell asleep.
    Jared is asleep.
    Joan became sick.
    Joan is sick.
    The building caught fire.
    The building is on fire now.
    The doctor came in.
    The doctor is in.
    (Action: Change in status from "awake" to "asleep").
    (Status: Indicates Jared's current condition.)
    (Action: Joan changed from "healthy" to "sick.")
    (Status: Joan's present condition.)
    (Action: Indicates the point when the fire started.)
    (Status: Indicates the condition of the building.)
    (Action)
    (Status)
Stative passives are often used with prepositional expressions.
    She is interested in photography.
    Brad was worried about his mother.
    Carmen is terrified of snakes.
    Everyone was caught up in the excitement.
Some adjectives also fit in the same pattern:
    Karen is fond of chocolates.
    I'm crazy about sports cars.
    You're full of baloney.


Prepositions

Prepositions indicate relationships between words or ideas. Most prepositions deal with location and are easy to learn.
above
inside
beside
near
up
before*
with
into
between
like
despite

below
outside
beyond
nearby
down
after*
without
out (of)
among
as
in spite of

over
around
behind
by
toward
during
within
off
except
than
beneath

under
through
in front of
next to
along (side)
since*
until*
upon
but*
about
underneath

*These can also be used as conjunctions.
Some prepositions, however, have more than one meaning and can be very confusing.




at      in     to
for     on    from

>> Generally, in, on and at indicate location.
>> To and from imply movement toward or away from something. However, to can also function as part of an infinitive.
>> To and for can introduce indirect objects.
>> For and since can also indicate duration.
>> Of is used in partitives (all of, some of . . .) and other expressions.
>> Many prepositions are also used in expressions


See Also:




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